While i equals j (hukou homogamy), one another x

record F cijkl = Equation 2 + ? x ijkl + ? y ijkl + ? c ( ? x ijkl ) + ? c ( ? y ijkl )

_ijkl and y_ijkl equal 0. x_ijkl indicates local-spouse-hypergamy (migrant spouse is more educated than local spouse), and y_ijkl indicates local-spouse-hypogamy (migrant spouse is less educated than local spouse). Thus, when i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), x_ijkl equals 1 if k > l and 0 otherwise, y_ijkl equals 1 if k < l>

Second, i scale ining how likelihood of hukou intermarriage alter with for each partner’s training (Gullickson and you will Torche, 2014), and we further have a look at version inside the business exchange among them cities.

diary F cijkl = Formula 2 + ? p = 1 2 ? p u pij + ? q = 1 2 ? q w qij + ? c ? p = 1 2 ? p you pij + ? c ? q = 1 dos ? q w qij

When i equals j (hukou homogamy), both u_pij and w_qij equal 0. u_pij measures the education effects for migrant spouses to form hukou intermarriages, and w_qij measures the education effects for local spouses to form hukou intermarriages. When i Japanilainen tytöt avioliittoon equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), u_pij equals 1 if k >p and w_qij equals 1 if l > q; when i equals 1 and j equals 0 (local husband and migrant wife), u_pij equals 1 if l > p and w_qij equals 1 if k > q.

Thus, this model estimates separately how migrants’ and locals’ likelihoods of marrying across hukou boundaries change as their educations change. Specifically, ?_p and ?_q capture how the log-odds of hukou intermarriage change for migrants and locals, respectively, when moving up one level of education from either p or q (e.g., from less than high school to high school). Positive values of ? indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage increase as migrant spouses’ educations increase, and negative values indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage decrease as migrant spouses’ educations increase. ? provides the same information for local spouses. We expect ? to be positive and S to be negative, and we expect n and ? to be less pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen.

Detailed Efficiency

Descriptive leads to Desk step one let you know hukou area pairings out of spouses of the city. Within the Shanghai, regarding 47% of mini-census was contracted ranging from a few migrants; in the Shenzhen, you to percentage is actually over 70%. About 38% from marriages involved two local partners for the Shanghai, while 15% away from marriages had a couple of local spouses during the Shenzhen. Clearly, people had a tendency to wed within hukou updates class in both urban centers. Both in metropolises, marriages anywhere between a location spouse and you can a beneficial migrant wife have been much more likely than marriages anywhere between a migrant spouse and you will a local spouse to occur (13% against. 3% into the Shanghai and you can 11% against. 4% within the Shenzhen). The fresh portion of hukou locality homogamy is similar in the a few towns and cities. But really, we need to interpret the outcomes with alerting, as show out-of migrants varies within these a couple of locations. The relative sized migrants and you will natives creates structural marital potential for people to find prospective partners and finally ). Log-linear studies allows us to see the level of hukou homogamy, web of the compositional outcomes, from the handling to possess limited distributions of hukou condition.

Dining table 1.

I earliest expose the newest withdrawals regarding studies attainment having migrant husbands, local husbands, migrant spouses, and you will local wives for the per urban area, correspondingly, inside the Shape 1 . Normally, migrants is actually less knowledgeable than simply natives, regardless of gender, in Shanghai and you may Shenzhen. Among migrants, guys are top educated than feamales in one another Shanghai and Shenzhen. In contrast, one of neighbors, new gender gap during the knowledge is both short if you don’t stopped: regional guys normally are just a bit finest experienced than the feminine equivalents into the Shenzhen, and regional female normally be more knowledgeable than simply the male equivalents in the Shanghai. Log-linear patterns manage on degree inequalities ranging from folks and you can anywhere between natives and you can migrants to capture the fresh new contacts between spouses’ training and you will between educational and hukou area assortative mating, websites of one’s marginal distributions off spouses’ characteristics.