The new cousin fixed outcomes describe 65% of one’s adaptation during the knowledge within this shot
gt which capture the differences between groups g at time-wave t. We specify two main groups – provinces and villages. The individuals in our sample span 20 provinces and over 1600 villages. Footnote 9 Including these fixed effects in the estimation controls for unobserved differences between, say, villages that influence the outcome variables. For example, access to formal employment may be lower in some villages than others. If more people who were married early live in such villages, then not controlling for which village the respondents live in will confound the effect of early marriage and the probability of having a formal job. We also interact those groups with the time the survey was conducted to account for differential time trends across provinces or villages. By using village fixed effects we are comparing individuals who marry early with those who do not but who live in the same village, and therefore are exposed to similar conditions, like traditions, culture and institutional settings. As people within a village are exposed to more similar conditions than people within a province, village fixed effects are likely to control more effectively for differences across individuals than province fixed effects. The inclusion of village fixed effects however comes at the cost of statistical power (as the coefficients are estimated off the more limited within-village variation).
In our take to there are 676 siblings, out of which 302 were ple (while they come from children where one girl is hitched early) keeps dads with somewhat down educational attainment, are more likely to feel Muslim, and therefore are prone to live-in outlying section
When we talk about the newest extent that province and you may village repaired effects get differences in public and financial drawback of the exploring their ability to identify variation in instructional attainment, we find that the town repaired consequences describe more 30% on the type, a bit more compared to the 3% explained of the state fixed outcomes. A good many version is but not within villages.
We very first introduce estimations one to control to own state*time-wave FE after which town*time-wave FE. We upcoming wade a step subsequent of the to present efficiency in which we estimate aunt fixed outcomes habits in which the coefficients was estimated of reviews away from siblings, one of whom got partnered early together with most other who did not. It analysis controls for everyone relatives characteristics, one another observable and you can unobservable, experienced by siblings elizabeth.g., relatives record. So it yet not reduces this new attempt. This type of email address details are ergo best read to be applicable to help you households off a lot more conservative minimizing socio-economic properties. Footnote 10
Finally, ?ihvt is an error term. We cluster the standard errors at the village ? time-wave level to account for correlation in the errors between individuals in the same village at a given time. For the sister fixed effects estimation we cluster the standard errors at the sister ? time-wave level. We estimate Eq. 1 separately for men and women. Footnote 11
where ChYihvt are the child outcomes (medically supervised birth, having a birth certificate, infant mortality, anthropometric z-scores, underweight and stunting for children under the age of 5, cognitive development tests for those aged 7 to 14, educational attainment for those aged over 18). As in Eq. 1, we control for contemporaneous mother and household characteristics (Xihvt), characteristics of the household in which the mother lived when datingsider for Tysk kvinner she was 12 years old (MotherHChhv) and children’s own characteristics such as gender and age (Chihvt). We use an identical fixed effects strategy as in Eq. (1) and present province ? time-wave, village ? time-wave and, where possible, sisters ? time-wave fixed effects results.